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tearmann-in-eirinn-tairgthe-80-bliain-o-shin-d’fhear-a-bhi-i-bhfeighil-polasai-na-milte-giudach-a-chur-chuig-campai-geibhinn

Tearmann in Éirinn tairgthe 80 bliain ó shin d’fhear a bhí i bhfeighil polasaí na mílte Giúdach a chur chuig campaí géibhinn

| Tuairisc.ie | ,

Ochtó bliain ó shin, thairg Éire tearmann a thabhairt d’iar-Phríomhaire na Fraince, fear a bhí i bhfeighil polasaí rialtas Vichy 40,000 Giúdach a sheoladh chuig campaí géibhinn ar fud na hEorpa.

Sin de réir leabhar úr a foilsíodh ar an ábhar le déanaí. De réir an leabhair France on Trial, le Julian Jackson, níor ghlac Pierre Laval le tairiscint an Taoisigh, Éamon de Valera, tearmann a ghlacadh in Éirinn i 1945. Ina áit sin d’fhill sé ar an Fhrainc agus daoradh chun báis é.

Is cinnte go dtabharfaidh an t-eolas nua seo ábhar cainte dóibh siúd a cheistíonn polasaí neodrachta na hÉireann le linn an dara cogadh mór. Lón machnaimh é fosta don dioscúrsa taidhleoireachta a d’eascair as cinneadh Iosrael a nAmbasáid sa tír a dhruid.

De réir an tsosa comhraic a aontaíodh idir an Ghearmáin agus an Fhrainc i 1940, roinneadh an tír ina dhá cuid. Bheadh limistéar amháin faoi smacht na nGearmánach agus go teoiriciúil bheadh an zón eile saor agus i seilbh na bhFrancach. An lá tar éis an tsosa comhraic, chuaigh Pierre Laval i mbun rialtais agus glactar leis gurb é a bhí mar phríomhailtire ar réimeas Vichy, réimeas a bhí ag feidhmiú lámh ar lámh leis na Naitsithe.

Chuir sé ina luí ar an Chomhthionól Náisiúnta ar an 10 Iúil, 1940 gur cheart an t-údarás a thabhairt don Mharascal Philippe Pétain bunreacht nua a chur chun cinn agus Rialtas Vichy a bhunú. Mheas Laval nach gclisfí ar na Naitsithe ins an Dara Cogadh Mór agus gur cheart don Fhrainc comhoibriú le Hitler. Go deimhin, bhris Pétain óna phost é i Nollaig 1940 de bharr go raibh sé i mbun idirbheartaíochta leis an Führer .

Tháinig Laval ar ais mar Phríomh-Aire sa bhliain 1942 agus chinn sé oibrithe ón Fhrainc a chur ar fáil le dul ag obair i dtionscail na Gearmáine mar chomhartha dea-mhéine.

Thug sé óráid mhíchlúiteach i Meitheamh na bliana 1942 inar impigh sé ar dhaoine dul ag obair do na Gearmánaigh mar gur mhian leis go mbuafaidís an cogadh. Bhí an ghráin aige ar Ghiúdaigh agus bhaist sé déchats (bruscair) orthu. Faoina stiúir siúd, a deineadh an cinneadh comhoibriú leis na Naitsithe chun 40,000 Giúdach a dhíbirt ón Fhrainc chuig campaí cinedhíothaithe ar fud na hEorpa.

Deir an t-údar Julian Jackson gur fhiafraigh Laval de na Gearmánaigh ar ócáid amháin an mbeadh páistí faoi bhun sé bliana déag san áireamh ins an phróiseas díbeartha seo.  Is cosúil nach raibh sé buartha faoi theaghlaigh a bheith scartha óna chéile ach gurbh amhlaidh nár mhian leis go dtitfeadh ualach chúram na bpáistí sin ar Rialtas Vichy.

Ins na laethanta beaga sular ghlac arm na gComhghuaillithe seilbh in athuair ar an tír, d’éirigh le Laval teitheadh ón Fhrainc ar eitleán de chuid an Luftwaffe. Dhiúltaigh an Eilvéis cead isteach dó agus chuaigh sé chun cónaithe i nDún Montjuic i mBarcelona na Spáinne.

Bhí na Comhghuaillithe ag iarraidh go dtabharfaí ar ais chun na Fraince é agus go gcuirfí ar a thriail é as tréas a dhéanamh ar an tír. Ní raibh aon chonradh eiseachadta idir an Fhrainc agus an Spáinn, áfach, ach deir Julian Jackson, údar France on Trial, gur chúis náire ab ea é do Rialtas Franco na Spáinne agus go raibh fonn air é a dhíbirt.

Ba ag an staid sin, a rinne Rialtas na hÉireann, faoi stiúir Éamon De Valera, tairiscint tearmann a thabhairt dó. Ní fios go baileach cad tuige ar deineadh an tairiscint seo nó an raibh lámh ag an Vatacáin ins an idirbheartaíocht. Mar a tharlaíonn sé, dhiúltaigh Laval glacadh le tairiscint an Taoisigh siocair nár mhian leis go mbogfaí thart é mar a bheadh ‘pacáiste smálaithe’ ann. Ina áit sin, bogadh Laval go limistéar na Meiriceánach san Ostair áit ar tugadh ar láimh é chuig údaráis na Fraince.

Thuirling sé in Innsbruck ar an 1 Lúnasa 1945 agus tugadh ar ais chun na Fraince é an lá dár gcionn. Cuireadh ar a thriail é as tréas agus baisteadh ‘Ard-Draoi Vichy’ air le linn na héisteachta. Rinne sé iarracht lámh a chur ina bhás fhéin trí nimh a ghlacadh. Cuireadh chun báis é ar an 15 Deireadh Fómhair, 1945.

Níl aon mhíniú tugtha ag údar an leabhair France on Trial ar an chúis go raibh Éire sásta tearmann a thabhairt do Laval. Thuig sé go maith gur beag meas a bhí ag pobal na Fraince air. Nuair a dúradh leis i 1942 go raibh an ghráin ag 95% den phobal air deir Jackson gur dhúirt Laval gur dócha gur cheart an céatadán sin a ardú go 98% ach gur ar leas na tíre a bhí sé ag feidhmiú dá n-ainneoin.

“This makes it odd that he turned down the possibility of taking refuge in Ireland when it was offered. But quite apart from his pride, Laval’s indestructible self-confidence convinced him he had a chance. Innately cynical about humanity, he believed in his own lucky star,” a deir Julian Jackson.

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